Java

Java8的stream API

Posted by Zeusro on March 9, 2018
  1. 前期准备
    • 定义实体
    • 定义集合
  2. stream的其他用法
  3. stream的注意事项
    • 流只能用一次,重复使用会导致以下异常
    • filter
  4. 完整代码
  5. 参考链接

前期准备

  • 定义实体
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// 
package com.zeusro;


import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * The type Person <p/>
 * author: <a href="http://zeusro.github.io/">Zeusro</a> <p/>
 *
 * @date Created in 2018.03.08 <p/>
 */
public class Person implements Cloneable {

    // 身高
    private int height;
    //体重-
    private int weight;
    //身份证号
    private String identifier;
    //地址
    private String address;
    //生日
    private Date birthday;
    //爱好
    private List<String> hobbies;

    //性别
    private Sex sex;

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return (Person) super.clone();
    }

    public Sex getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(Sex sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public int getHeight() {
        return height;
    }

    public void setHeight(int height) {
        this.height = height;
    }

    public List<String> getHobbies() {
        return hobbies;
    }

    public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) {
        this.hobbies = hobbies;
    }

    public String getIdentifier() {
        return identifier;
    }

    public void setIdentifier(String identifier) {
        this.identifier = identifier;
    }

    public int getWeight() {
        return weight;
    }

    public void setWeight(int weight) {
        this.weight = weight;
    }


}
//

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package com.zeusro;

public enum Sex {
    //男
    Male,
    //女
    Female,
    //第三性 https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%80%A7
    X,
}
  • 定义集合
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// 
            // LocalDate.of(2018, 02, 29);
            //java.time.DateTimeException: Invalid date 'February 29' as '2018' is not a leap year
            final Person female = new Person();
            female.setBirthday(convertLocalDateToTimeZone(LocalDate.of(1981, 1, 1)));
            female.setHeight(165);
            female.setWeight(50);
            female.setSex(Sex.Female);
            female.setAddress("北京");
            female.setIdentifier("1");
            female.setHobbies(new ArrayList<String>() {{
                add("吃飯");
                add("逛街");
            }});

            final Person male = new Person();
            male.setBirthday(convertLocalDateToTimeZone(LocalDate.of(1982, 2, 1)));
            male.setHeight(170);
            male.setWeight(50);
            male.setSex(Sex.Male);
            male.setAddress("北京");
            male.setIdentifier("2");
            male.setHobbies(new ArrayList<String>() {{
                add("吃飯");
                add("看電影");
            }});

            final Person x = new Person();
            x.setBirthday(convertLocalDateToTimeZone(LocalDate.of(1983, 3, 1)));
            x.setHeight(170);
            x.setWeight(50);
            x.setSex(Sex.X);
            x.setAddress("北京");
            x.setIdentifier("3");
            x.setHobbies(new ArrayList<String>() {{
                add("吃飯");
                add("上網");
            }});

            final Person male2 = new Person();
            male2.setBirthday(convertLocalDateToTimeZone(LocalDate.of(1984, 1, 1)));
            male2.setHeight(150);
            male2.setWeight(35);
            male2.setSex(Sex.Male);
            male2.setAddress("北京");
            male2.setIdentifier("4");
            male2.setHobbies(new ArrayList<String>() {{
                add("吃飯");
                add("看電影");
            }});

            List<Person> list1 = new ArrayList<Person>() {
                {
                    add(female);
                    add(male);
                    add(x);
                }
            };
            List<Person> list2 = new ArrayList<Person>() {
                {
                    add(female);
                    add(male2);
                }
            };
//

stream的其他用法

用于校验集合(引用自IBM)

allMatch：Stream 中全部元素符合传入的 predicate，返回 true

anyMatch：Stream 中只要有一个元素符合传入的 predicate，返回 true

noneMatch：Stream 中没有一个元素符合传入的 predicate，返回 true

自己生成流(引用自IBM)

  • Stream.generate

通过实现 Supplier 接口，你可以自己来控制流的生成。这种情形通常用于随机数、常量的 Stream，或者需要前后元素间维持着某种状态信息的 Stream。把 Supplier 实例传递给 Stream.generate() 生成的 Stream，默认是串行（相对 parallel 而言）但无序的（相对 ordered 而言）。由于它是无限的，在管道中，必须利用 limit 之类的操作限制 Stream 大小。

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Random seed = new Random();
Supplier<Integer> random = seed::nextInt;
Stream.generate(random).limit(10).forEach(System.out::println);
//Another way
IntStream.generate(() -> (int) (System.nanoTime() % 100)).
limit(10).forEach(System.out::println);

Stream.generate() 还接受自己实现的 Supplier。例如在构造海量测试数据的时候，用某种自动的规则给每一个变量赋值；或者依据公式计算 Stream 的每个元素值。这些都是维持状态信息的情形。

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Stream.generate(new PersonSupplier()).
limit(10).
forEach(p -> System.out.println(p.getName() + ", " + p.getAge()));
private class PersonSupplier implements Supplier<Person> {
 private int index = 0;
 private Random random = new Random();
 @Override
 public Person get() {
 return new Person(index++, "StormTestUser" + index, random.nextInt(100));
 }
}

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# 输出结果：
StormTestUser1, 9
StormTestUser2, 12
StormTestUser3, 88
StormTestUser4, 51
StormTestUser5, 22
StormTestUser6, 28
StormTestUser7, 81
StormTestUser8, 51
StormTestUser9, 4
StormTestUser10, 76
  • Stream.iterate

iterate 跟 reduce 操作很像，接受一个种子值，和一个 UnaryOperator（例如 f）。然后种子值成为 Stream 的第一个元素，f(seed) 为第二个，f(f(seed)) 第三个，以此类推。

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Stream.iterate(0, n -> n + 3).limit(10). forEach(x -> System.out.print(x + " "));.

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# 输出结果：
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27

与 Stream.generate 相仿，在 iterate 时候管道必须有 limit 这样的操作来限制 Stream 大小。

stream的注意事项

  • 流只能用一次,重复使用会导致以下异常
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Stream<Person> list1Stream = list1.stream();
list1Stream.filter(o -> o.getBirthday().equals(time1)).count();
list1Stream.filter(o -> !o.getBirthday().equals(time1)).count();//java.lang.IllegalStateException: stream has already been operated upon or closed

所以我建议每次需要集合操作的时候都直接新建一个 stream, 而不是使用Stream<Person> list1Stream = list1.stream();去定义

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list1.stream().filter(o -> o.getBirthday().equals(time1)).count();
list1.stream().filter(o -> !o.getBirthday().equals(time1)).count();
  • filter

一般有filter 操作时，不用并行流parallelStream ,如果用的话可能会导致线程安全问题

完整代码

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// 

import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.zeusro.Person;
import com.zeusro.Sex;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

import static java.lang.System.out;


/**
 * The type Main <p/>
 * author: <a href="http://zeusro.github.io/">Zeusro</a> <p/>
 *
 * @date Created in 2018.03.09 <p/>
 */
public class Main {


    private static Date convertLocalDateToTimeZone(LocalDate localDate) {
        ZoneId zoneID = ZoneId.systemDefault();
        return Date.from(localDate.atStartOfDay(zoneID).toInstant());
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        try {
            // LocalDate.of(2018, 02, 29);
            //java.time.DateTimeException: Invalid date 'February 29' as '2018' is not a leap year
            final Person female = new Person();
            female.setBirthday(convertLocalDateToTimeZone(LocalDate.of(1981, 1, 1)));
            female.setHeight(165);
            female.setWeight(50);
            female.setSex(Sex.Female);
            female.setAddress("北京");
            female.setIdentifier("1");
            female.setHobbies(new ArrayList<String>() {{
                add("吃飯");
                add("逛街");
            }});

            final Person male = new Person();
            male.setBirthday(convertLocalDateToTimeZone(LocalDate.of(1982, 2, 1)));
            male.setHeight(170);
            male.setWeight(50);
            male.setSex(Sex.Male);
            male.setAddress("北京");
            male.setIdentifier("2");
            male.setHobbies(new ArrayList<String>() {{
                add("吃飯");
                add("看電影");
            }});

            final Person x = new Person();
            x.setBirthday(convertLocalDateToTimeZone(LocalDate.of(1983, 3, 1)));
            x.setHeight(170);
            x.setWeight(50);
            x.setSex(Sex.X);
            x.setAddress("北京");
            x.setIdentifier("3");
            x.setHobbies(new ArrayList<String>() {{
                add("吃飯");
                add("上網");
            }});

            final Person male2 = new Person();
            male2.setBirthday(convertLocalDateToTimeZone(LocalDate.of(1984, 1, 1)));
            male2.setHeight(150);
            male2.setWeight(35);
            male2.setSex(Sex.Male);
            male2.setAddress("北京");
            male2.setIdentifier("4");
            male2.setHobbies(new ArrayList<String>() {{
                add("吃飯");
                add("看電影");
            }});

            List<Person> list1 = new ArrayList<Person>() {
                {
                    add(female);
                    add(male);
                    add(x);
                }
            };
            List<Person> list2 = new ArrayList<Person>() {
                {
                    add(female);
                    add(male2);
                }
            };
            //流只能用一次,重复使用会导致以下异常
            //java.lang.IllegalStateException: stream has already been operated upon or closed
            Stream<Person> list1Stream = list1.stream();
            Date time1 = convertLocalDateToTimeZone(LocalDate.of(1990, 1, 1));
            //0
            Long count1 = list1.stream().filter(o -> o.getBirthday().equals(time1)).count();
            Map<Sex, List<Person>> group1 = list1.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Person::getSex));
            Iterator it = group1.entrySet().iterator();
            while (it.hasNext()) {
                Map.Entry<Sex, List<Person>> groupByItem = (Map.Entry) it.next();
                Sex sex = groupByItem.getKey();
                out.println(sex);
                groupByItem.getValue().forEach(person -> {
                    out.println(new Gson().toJson(person));
                });
            }
/*
输出结果:
Male
{"height":170,"weight":50,"identifier":"2","address":"北京","birthday":"Feb 1, 1982 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","看電影"],"sex":"Male"}
Female
{"height":165,"weight":50,"identifier":"1","address":"北京","birthday":"Jan 1, 1981 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","逛街"],"sex":"Female"}
X
{"height":170,"weight":50,"identifier":"3","address":"北京","birthday":"Mar 1, 1983 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","上網"],"sex":"X"}
 */
            //stream没有RemoveAll的操作
            Person after90 = list1.stream()
                    .filter(o -> o.getBirthday().after(convertLocalDateToTimeZone(LocalDate.of(1990, 1, 1))))
                    .findFirst()
                    .orElse(null);
            // null
            list1.stream().forEach(o -> {
                //在ForEach當中可對集合進行操作
                o.setSex(Sex.X);
            });
            list1.forEach(o -> {
                out.println(new Gson().toJson(o));
            });
/*
{"height":165,"weight":50,"identifier":"1","address":"北京","birthday":"Jan 1, 1981 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","逛街"],"sex":"X"}
{"height":170,"weight":50,"identifier":"2","address":"北京","birthday":"Feb 1, 1982 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","看電影"],"sex":"X"}
{"height":170,"weight":50,"identifier":"3","address":"北京","birthday":"Mar 1, 1983 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","上網"],"sex":"X"}
 */
            //IntStream的max方法返回的是OptionalInt,要先判断有没有值再读取值.isPresent=false 时直接getAsInt会报错.mapToLong,mapToDouble同理
            OptionalInt maxHeightOption = list1.stream().mapToInt(Person::getHeight).max();
            //字符串拼接、数值的 sum、min、max、average 都是特殊的 reduce。
            //当集合为长度0的集合时会返回起始值Integer.MIN_VALUE,起始值也不能乱传,个中缘由我暂不清楚
            int maxHeight = list1.stream().mapToInt(Person::getHeight).reduce(Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer::max);
            out.println(maxHeight);
            //170
            if (maxHeightOption.isPresent()) {
                maxHeight = maxHeightOption.getAsInt();
                out.println(maxHeight);
                //170
            }
            //mapToInt参数的2种写法都一样,我比较喜欢以下写法,但是 idea 会报 warning
            OptionalInt minWeightOption = list1.stream().mapToInt(o -> o.getHeight()).min();
            int minWeight = list1.stream().mapToInt(o -> o.getHeight()).reduce(Integer.MAX_VALUE, Integer::min);
            list1.stream().map(Person::getIdentifier).distinct();
            //skip和 limit参数都是long, 这个要注意
            list1.stream().skip(1L).limit(2L);
            out.println("------------------------------------|升序|------------------------------------");
            list1 = list1.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(Person::getBirthday)).collect(Collectors.toList());
            out.println(new Gson().toJson(list1));
            list1 = list1.stream().sorted((left, right) -> left.getBirthday().compareTo(right.getBirthday())).collect(Collectors.toList());
            out.println(new Gson().toJson(list1));
            /*
[{"height":165,"weight":50,"identifier":"1","address":"北京","birthday":"Jan 1, 1981 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","逛街"],"sex":"X"},{"height":170,"weight":50,"identifier":"2","address":"北京","birthday":"Feb 1, 1982 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","看電影"],"sex":"X"},{"height":170,"weight":50,"identifier":"3","address":"北京","birthday":"Mar 1, 1983 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","上網"],"sex":"X"}]
[{"height":165,"weight":50,"identifier":"1","address":"北京","birthday":"Jan 1, 1981 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","逛街"],"sex":"X"},{"height":170,"weight":50,"identifier":"2","address":"北京","birthday":"Feb 1, 1982 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","看電影"],"sex":"X"},{"height":170,"weight":50,"identifier":"3","address":"北京","birthday":"Mar 1, 1983 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","上網"],"sex":"X"}]            
             */
            out.println("------------------------------------|降序|------------------------------------");
            list1 = list1.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(Person::getBirthday).reversed()).collect(Collectors.toList());
            out.println(new Gson().toJson(list1));
            list1 = list1.stream().sorted((left, right) -> right.getBirthday().compareTo(left.getBirthday())).collect(Collectors.toList());
            out.println(new Gson().toJson(list1));
/*
[{"height":170,"weight":50,"identifier":"3","address":"北京","birthday":"Mar 1, 1983 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","上網"],"sex":"X"},{"height":170,"weight":50,"identifier":"2","address":"北京","birthday":"Feb 1, 1982 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","看電影"],"sex":"X"},{"height":165,"weight":50,"identifier":"1","address":"北京","birthday":"Jan 1, 1981 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","逛街"],"sex":"X"}]
[{"height":170,"weight":50,"identifier":"3","address":"北京","birthday":"Mar 1, 1983 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","上網"],"sex":"X"},{"height":170,"weight":50,"identifier":"2","address":"北京","birthday":"Feb 1, 1982 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","看電影"],"sex":"X"},{"height":165,"weight":50,"identifier":"1","address":"北京","birthday":"Jan 1, 1981 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","逛街"],"sex":"X"}]
 */
            out.println("------------------------------------|交集 list1 ∩ list2|------------------------------------");
            list1.stream().filter(o -> list2.contains(o)).collect(Collectors.toList());
            out.println("------------------------------------|并集list1 ∪ list2 |------------------------------------");
            list1.addAll(list2);
            list1.stream().distinct().collect(Collectors.toList());
            out.println("------------------------------------|差集list1 - list2|------------------------------------");
            list1.stream().filter(item1 -> !list2.contains(item1)).collect(Collectors.toList());
            out.println("------------------------------------|数据结构转换|------------------------------------");
            List<Person> list3 = list1.stream().filter(o -> true).collect(Collectors.toList());
            ArrayList<Person> list4 = list1.stream().filter(o -> true).collect(Collectors.toCollection(ArrayList::new));
            Set<Person> list5 = list1.stream().filter(o -> true).collect(Collectors.toSet());
            Object[] list6 = list1.stream().toArray();
            Person[] list7 = list1.stream().toArray(Person[]::new);
            out.println("------------------------------------|其他需要注意的地方|------------------------------------");
            //2个数组合并用这种方法的话, list2会为空
            Stream.of(list1, list2).collect(Collectors.toList());
            //以下才是正确用法
            Stream.of(list1, list2).flatMap(List::stream).collect(Collectors.toList());
            out.println("------------------------------------|reduce|------------------------------------");
            //字符串拼接、数值的 sum、min、max、average 都是特殊的 reduce。
            maxHeight = list1.stream().mapToInt(Person::getHeight).reduce(Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer::max);
            minWeight = list1.stream().mapToInt(o -> o.getHeight()).reduce(Integer.MAX_VALUE, Integer::min);
            int sumWeight = -1;
            OptionalInt sumWeightOption = list1.stream().mapToInt(Person::getHeight).reduce(Integer::sum);
            if (sumWeightOption.isPresent()) {
                sumWeight = sumWeightOption.getAsInt();
            }
            sumWeight = list1.stream().mapToInt(Person::getHeight).reduce(0, (a, b) -> a + b);
            sumWeight = list1.stream().mapToInt(Person::getHeight).reduce(0, Integer::sum);

            out.println("------------------------------------|peek ,forEach ,forEachOrdered |------------------------------------");
            out.println("forEach后面无法继续执行方法");
            list1.stream().forEach(o -> {
                out.println(new Gson().toJson(o));
            });
            /*
forEach后面无法继续执行方法
{"height":170,"weight":50,"identifier":"3","address":"北京","birthday":"Mar 1, 1983 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","上網"],"sex":"X"}
{"height":170,"weight":50,"identifier":"2","address":"北京","birthday":"Feb 1, 1982 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","看電影"],"sex":"X"}
{"height":165,"weight":50,"identifier":"1","address":"北京","birthday":"Jan 1, 1981 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","逛街"],"sex":"X"}
{"height":165,"weight":50,"identifier":"1","address":"北京","birthday":"Jan 1, 1981 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","逛街"],"sex":"X"}
{"height":150,"weight":35,"identifier":"4","address":"北京","birthday":"Jan 1, 1984 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","看電影"],"sex":"Male"}            
             */
            out.println("先排序,然后遍历");
            list1.stream().forEachOrdered(o -> {
                out.println(new Gson().toJson(o));
            });
/*
先排序,然后遍历
{"height":170,"weight":50,"identifier":"3","address":"北京","birthday":"Mar 1, 1983 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","上網"],"sex":"X"}
{"height":170,"weight":50,"identifier":"2","address":"北京","birthday":"Feb 1, 1982 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","看電影"],"sex":"X"}
{"height":165,"weight":50,"identifier":"1","address":"北京","birthday":"Jan 1, 1981 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","逛街"],"sex":"X"}
{"height":165,"weight":50,"identifier":"1","address":"北京","birthday":"Jan 1, 1981 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","逛街"],"sex":"X"}
{"height":150,"weight":35,"identifier":"4","address":"北京","birthday":"Jan 1, 1984 12:00:00 AM","hobbies":["吃飯","看電影"],"sex":"Male"}
 */
            out.println("peek*2");
            List<Integer> l = Stream.iterate(0, (Integer n) -> n + 1) //生成一个每次递增1的等差数列
                    .peek(n -> out.println("number generated:" + n))
                    .filter(n -> (n % 2 == 0))
                    .peek(n -> out.println("Even number filter passed for" + n)) //遇到偶数时继续输出
                    .limit(5).collect(Collectors.toList());
            out.println(new Gson().toJson(l));
            //可以看到在生成到9时,这个操作结束了,是因为设置了limit
            /*
peek*2
number generated:0
Even number filter passed for0
number generated:1
number generated:2
Even number filter passed for2
number generated:3
number generated:4
Even number filter passed for4
number generated:5
number generated:6
Even number filter passed for6
number generated:7
number generated:8
Even number filter passed for8
[0,2,4,6,8]            
             */
        } catch (Exception e) {
            out.println(e);
        } finally {
            out.println("done");
        }
    }


}

//

参考链接:

  1. Java 8 中的 Streams API 详解
  2. Introduction to the Java 8 Date/Time API
  3. Convert java.time.LocalDate into java.util.Date type
  4. Java 8之Stream API
  5. Comparator.comparing(…) throwing non-static reference exception while taking String::compareTo
  6. 采用java8 lambda表达式 实现java list 交集/并集/差集/去重并集
  7. 详解Java中的clone方法 – 原型模式
  8. Collection to stream to a new collection
  9. Java parallel stream用法
  10. [Java 8 – How to ‘peek’ into a running Stream Stream.peek method tutorial with examples](https://www.javabrahman.com/java-8/java-8-how-to-peek-into-a-running-stream-peek-method-tutorial-with-examples/)
  11. JDK8函数式接口Function、Consumer、Predicate、Supplier
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